Steps to an Effective Acid Reflux Diet. More bad news about proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole was announced this year by medical researchers. PPIs, including major brands such as Nexium and Prilosec, are now linked to several additional health conditions; 1) increased risk of dementia by 5. As a result, many daily PPI users are now asking, “What do I do now?” The answer, according to the National Institute of Health, is clear; “You can prevent or relieve your symptoms from gastroesophageal reflux (GER) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by changing your diet.” That’s great news! But how do you adopt an acid reflux diet? There are five elements, or progressive steps, to an effective acid reflux diet. ![]() ![]() ![]() Some adults suffering from acid reflux will need all five steps to find relief and an improved quality of life. For others, making a few simple changes can bring many years, or even a lifetime, of symptom relief. We have designed a five- step process starting with a simple first step, followed by subsequent steps that are more challenging, but offering the potential for greater symptom relief. Every journey has a starting point and so does your acid reflux diet plan. There are two things we encourage you to do before you start to design your acid reflux diet. First, it’s not possible to chart a path to your destination unless you know where you are right now. Phase 2 of the Rice diet divides your weekly eating into three parts: one day on the basic diet, five days on a lacto-vegetarian version. So take a moment and answer a few point- and- click questions using our Stage Finder (clicking on any links in this article will open a new browser window). When you finish, we encourage you to download your free 1. GERD stage report. As we discuss each step of our acid reflux diet, we will also offer our estimate of its effectiveness relative to your GERD stage. Second, determine your body mass index (BMI). As we will discuss, having a BMI over 2. To help you to determine your BMI, simply use the table below. Locate your height in the black column on left of the table and follow that row across until you come to your weight. Your estimated BMI is the colored number at the top of that column. Body Mass Index Table. Is your BMI 2. 7 or higher? For example, (RFR 1. Recipe for Relief, Chapter 1. ![]() The Five Cornerstones to an Acid Reflux Diet. There are two important features to each of the five steps of our acid reflux diet: ease of adoption and symptom impact. As the saying goes; “no pain – no gain”. As you would expect, the initial easiest steps don’t deliver the same level of impact as the more challenging steps that follow. We encourage starting with step #1, the easiest, and transitioning through the rest in order. Your success adopting the easier, earlier steps will encourage you to move forward and be successful with the more challenging steps that offer even more impact. The graph below highlights the effectiveness and expected challenges of each part of our acid reflux diet: There is one exception for those with a BMI of 2. Unfortunately, a high BMI may mitigate the benefits of the first four steps in this process. For those who are extremely overweight or obese, it is vitally important to first reduce the pressure on the diaphragm and eliminate the “downward pulling’ of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) as quickly as possible. There is an important rule to remember: everyone is different. That simply means we really can’t be sure which of those foods will trigger your GERD symptoms. Some of these trigger foods seem to impact a very high percentage of GERD sufferers, such as chocolate, citrus, raw onions, and tomatoes. However, minimal amounts of these foods, or other variations such as boiled onions and/or dehydrated onions, for example, may be tolerable. Only you can determine which foods trigger your symptoms. We recommend that you use trial and error, a food diary (RFR 1. Through a series of testing and elimination, you should be able to identify the foods that cause your symptoms. ![]() Once identified, the challenge becomes avoiding these foods in the future – especially some favorites like pasta sauce and chocolates. Your GERD stage and the potential value of avoiding trigger foods. Stage 1 – Small to moderate – but noticeable benefit. Stage 2 – Small to moderate – but noticeable benefit. Stage 3 – Varies by person – some minimal to moderate impact is expected. Stage 4 – Varies by person – some minimal impact may be realized #2 – Making smart food choices and substitutions. Choices, choices, choices! We have to make them every day, especially when it come to what we eat. These choices can make you or break you, and possibly trigger your GERD symptoms like never before. Cambridge Diet is a 20-year old liquid diet with a loyal following. This low-fat, low-calorie weight loss program has critics on both sides of the fence. ShopWell helps you find healthy and nutritious alternatives to your favorite foods with highly personalized health scores on everyday grocery store products. Join us for this 7 day smoothie challenge, and enjoy one nutritious and tasty smoothie every day. Listed below, you'll find fantastic recipes to get you started, have. What can you eat on the Dukan Diet? WebMD reviews the pros and cons of this diet. According to research at Duke University, habits rather than conscious decision- making, are responsible for 4. This is particularly true when it comes to the foods we eat. To make smart food choices, you need to make a commitment to change and then establish a plan to change the choices you make. Even though you know you shouldn’t drink tea, your “habit” is starting your day with several cups. If that sounds like you, here is what you need to know to avoid or reduce your symptoms while still meeting that need: Reduce the caffeine content, if possible; Black tea has more caffeine than green tea – but not in all cases; Herbal is a better choice, and you can try chamomile or slippery elm, both are known home remedies for heartburn; Avoid tea with spearmint or peppermint, both are known triggers; Some teas are much worse for GERD symptoms like chai teas, the “trifecta winners”. They are typically rich black teas, have a higher concentration of caffeine, and they can contain spices such as cinnamon, clove, cardamom, and occasionally black peppercorns, ginger, and red chilies. To get you started, here are some articles at Reflux. MD we recommend: The Diet Tribunal: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. I know most people rarely give these three important diet elements, aka macronutrients, a second thought. You need all three of these macronutrients in your diet, along with fiber and water, but how much of each is the question. To carb or not to carb, that is the question. Carbohydrates get a bad rap when it comes to diets, but during digestion, it’s the carbs that are digested first, and also fastest. Remember, the faster the meal is digested, the less chance of acid reflux symptoms. For most of us, carbs are also the primary energy source that we burn daily. Unfortunately, rapid digestion of the wrong carbs can also play havoc with your blood sugar level. Another downside to carbs is the calories they bring along with them. Carbs are found in many foods today, so the question is; how can we tell the good carb foods from the bad? The good carbs are usually found in fiber- rich foods, while the naughty carbs tend to be found in junk foods, foods high in sugar content, and in sugary drinks. Listed below are a few good and bad foods with high carb content to help you develop your acid reflux diet plan: THE GOODOats. Bananas. Blueberries. Apples. Sweet potatoes. Corn. THE BADCandy (and especially chocolate)Cereals with high sugar content (hint: avoid “frosted”, “honey”, “golden”, “ marshmallow” and “cocoa” to name a few key words)All sugary drinks. Fruit juices (especially citrus)Potatoes. So what’s our strategy for carbs? Simple; eat the good ones and avoid the bad ones. If you must have one of the bad carbs, try to limit the sauce, butter, and cheese on things like baked potatoes that can really run up the calories. Finally, don’t eat a lot of carbs in one sitting – have some at every meal and in moderation. Fats, the term even sounds unappetizing. Fats take a lot of work for your digestive system to process, which slows down digestion. Bile, released by the gall bladder, is a very powerful digestive juice that scrubs and emulsifies fat, so that fats can be properly digested and absorbed into the body. However, bile can also back up into the stomach, thus making it part of the contents that can reflux up into the esophagus. There is a higher risk of GERD complications, such as Barrett’s esophagus or adenocarcinoma, when bile reaches the esophagus and attaches to the epithelial membrane of the esophagus. Chandrasoma discusses this process in his article, Examining the role of bile reflux in Barrett’s esophagus, and linked this risk to the use of acid suppressive medications like PPIs. The smart thing to do is avoid high fat meals and limit portions of high- fat foods, such as meats and other animal products. Substitute unsaturated vegetable oil instead of butter for cooking. Consider eating more fish that contain omega- 3 fats, which are also good for the heart. Read the label on the packaging or menu, and look for lower fat products at the store or when you order at a restaurant. Speaking of heart health, avoid trans fats and saturated fats and choose foods with polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, or just plain unsaturated fats. Get packed with protein power. Proteins are digested at a rate somewhere between carbs and fats and are considered the “building blocks of life” since our organs, muscles, antibodies, enzymes and some hormones are made of protein. During the digestion process, proteins are converted into amino acids, which are critical since they carry the electrical messages throughout our body, and they are essential for biosynthesis at the cellular level. Proteins tend to make us feel full faster, helping to reduce the amount of food consumed during a meal. Another interesting benefit is that higher protein consumption leads to thermogenesis, or an increase production of heat by burning additional calories. This is good news for GERD sufferers who need to eat less frequently and eat smaller portions. A long- term weight loss study determined that a high- protein diet resulted in more weight loss compared to moderate protein diets. We agree that high protein diets are ideal for those seeking to lose weight to reduce their acid reflux and LPR symptoms.
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Low- carbohydrate diet - Wikipedia. Low- carbohydrate diets or low- carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption, often for the treatment of obesity or diabetes. Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates (e. The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low- carbohydrate diets. The induction phase of the Atkins diet. A very low- carbohydrate, ketogenic diet was the standard treatment for diabetes throughout the 1. Steiner at the 1. Connecticut State Medical Society as The Starvation Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Healthy food 8 Best Low-Carb Diet DIY Protein Bars, Bites, and Balls Healthy on-the-go snacks you can make at home. Lose weight with the right balance of carbs, fat and protein. All calories aren’t created equal. Find out where most of your calories should come from to lose. ![]() Then eggs and meat were added, building up to 1g of protein/kg of body weight per day, then fat was added to the point where the person stopped losing weight or a maximum of 4. The process was halted if sugar appeared in the person's urine. Mackarness also challenged the . It is regarded as one of the first low- carbohydrate diets to become popular in the United States. Atkins Diet Revolution, which advocated the low- carbohydrate diet he had successfully used in treating patients in the 1. JAMA). Later that decade, Walter Voegtlin and Herman Tarnower published books advocating the Paleolithic diet and Scarsdale diet, respectively, each meeting with moderate success. This concept classifies foods according to the rapidity of their effect on blood sugar levels – with fast- digesting simple carbohydrates causing a sharper increase and slower- digesting complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, a slower one. Atkins New Diet Revolution, and other doctors began to publish books based on the same principles. This has been said to be the beginning of what the mass media call the . By some accounts, up to 1. This means sharply reducing consumption of desserts, breads, pastas, potatoes, rice, and other sweet or starchy foods. Some recommend levels less than 2. By contrast, the U. S. Institute of Medicine recommends a minimum intake of 1. In practice, though, . Low- GI/low- GL diets are based on the measured change in blood glucose levels in various carbohydrates – these vary markedly in laboratory studies. The differences are due to poorly understood digestive differences between foods. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() However, as foods influence digestion in complex ways (e. Although such diet recommendations mostly involve lowering nutritive carbohydrates, some low- carbohydrate foods are discouraged, as well (e. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates have probably gotten the worst reputation of the macronutrients due to the ketogenic dieting rave. Ketogenic dieting refers to reducing. Calculate Body Mass Index, waist-to-height ratio, percent body fat, Lean body mass, daily calorie and protein requirements, weight loss and diet requirements. Find more nutrition articles and videos at Bodybuilding.com. Carbohydrates: How carbs fit into a healthy diet. Carbohydrates aren't bad, but some may be healthier than others. See why carbs are important for your health and. ![]() Like glycemic- index diets, predicting the insulin secretion from any particular meal is difficult, due to assorted digestive interactions and so differing effects on insulin release. While mild acidosis may be a side effect when beginning a ketogenic diet. It should not be conflated with diabetic ketoacidosis, which can be life- threatening. A diet very low in starches and sugars induces several adaptive responses. Low blood glucose causes the pancreas to produce glucagon. ![]() When liver glycogen stores are exhausted, the body starts using fatty acids instead of glucose. The brain cannot use fatty acids for energy, and instead uses ketones produced from fatty acids by the liver. By using fatty acids and ketones as energy sources, supplemented by conversion of proteins to glucose (gluconeogenesis), the body can maintain normal levels of blood glucose without dietary carbohydrates. Most advocates of low- carbohydrate diets, such as the Atkins diet, argue that the human body is adapted to function primarily in ketosis. They argue that the purported dangers of ketosis are unsubstantiated (some of the arguments against ketosis result from confusion between ketosis and ketoacidosis, which is a mostly diabetic condition unrelated to dieting or low- carbohydrate intake). Most low- carb diet plans discourage consumption of trans fat. On a high- carbohydrate diet, glucose is used by cells in the body for the energy needed for their basic functions, and about two- thirds of body cells require insulin to use glucose. Excessive amounts of blood glucose are thought to be a primary cause of the complications of diabetes, when glucose reacts with body proteins (resulting in glycosolated proteins) and change their behavior. Perhaps for this reason, the amount of glucose tightly maintained in the blood is quite low. Unless a meal is very low in starches and sugars, blood glucose will rise for a period of an hour or two after a meal. When this occurs, beta cells in the pancreas release insulin to cause uptake of glucose into cells. In liver and muscle cells, more glucose is taken in than is needed and stored as glycogen (once called 'animal starch'). In diabetics, glucose levels vary in time with meals and vary a little more as a result of high- carbohydrate meals. In nondiabetics, blood- sugar levels are restored to normal levels within an hour or two, regardless of the content of a meal. ![]() ![]() High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets, like The Atkins Diet, have been widely promoted as effective weight loss plans. These programs generally recommend that dieters.![]() However, the ability of the body to store glycogen is finite. Once liver and muscular stores are filled to the maximum, adipose tissue (subcutaneous and visceral fat stores) becomes the site of sugar storage in the form of fat. However, a very- low- carbohydrate diet (less than 2. The opposite is also true; for instance, clinical experience suggests very- low- carbohydrate diets for patients with metabolic syndrome. Researchers and other experts have published articles and studies that run the gamut from promoting the safety and efficacy of these diets. However, studies emerged which evaluate these diets over much longer periods, controlled studies as long as two years and survey studies as long as two decades. The review included both extreme low carbohydrate diets high in both protein and fat, as well as less extreme low carbohydrate diets that are high in protein but with recommended intakes of fat. The authors found that when the amount of energy (kilojoules/calories) consumed by people following the low carbohydrate and balanced diets (4. For blood pressure, cholesterol levels and diabetes markers there was also no difference detected between the low carbohydrate and the balanced diets. The follow- up of these trials was no longer than two years, which is too short to provide an adequate picture of the long term risk of following a low carbohydrate diet. However, the agency also concluded, over a longer span (1. Mediterranean diet, or diets aiming at low glycemic indices. The authors of this review also found a higher rate of attrition in groups with low- fat diets, and concluded, . Some of these organizations receive funding from the food industry. The paper expresses reservations about the Atkins plan, but acknowledges it as a legitimate weight- loss approach. Nevertheless, this is perhaps the first statement of support, albeit for the short term, by a medical organization. They have stated . Excess calories from carbohydrates are not any more fattening than calories from other sources. Despite the claims of low- carb diets, a high- carbohydrate diet does not promote fat storage by enhancing insulin resistance. Robert Eckel, past president, noted that a low- carbohydrate diet could potentially meet AHA guidelines if it conformed to the AHA guidelines for low fat content. Moreover, other statements suggest their position might be re- evaluated in the event of more evidence from longer- term studies. National Health Service (UK)The consumer advice statements of the NHS regarding low- carbohydrate diets state that . Department of Health and Human Services. The HHS issues consumer guidelines for maintaining heart health which state regarding low- carbohydrate diets that . An argument for the use of the diet can potentially be supported by . What we do know from the evidence is that eating a wide variety of nutritious foods, in the right amounts, is crucial to optimal health. Low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and creatinine did not change significantly. The study found the LCD was shown to have favorable effects on body weight and major cardiovascular risk factors (but concluded the effects on long- term health are unknown). The study did not compare health benefits of LCD to low- fat diets. The researchers concluded that low- carbohydrate, Mediterranean, low- glycemic index, and high- protein diets are effective in improving markers of risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Thus, in absolute terms, even sweet fruits and berries do not represent a significant source of carbohydrates in their natural form, and also typically contain a good deal of fiber which attenuates the absorption of sugar in the gut. Some vegetables, such as potatoes and carrots, have high concentrations of starch, as do corn and rice. Most low- carbohydrate diet plans accommodate vegetables such as broccoli, spinach, cauliflower, and peppers. Nevertheless, debate remains as to whether restricting even just high- carbohydrate fruits, vegetables, and grains is truly healthy. Low- carbohydrate vegetarianism is also practiced. Raw fruits and vegetables are packed with an array of other protective chemicals, such as vitamins, flavonoids, and sugar alcohols. Some of those molecules help safeguard against the over- absorption of sugars in the human digestive system. The primary reason for this recommendation is that if the switch from a high- carbohydrate to a low- carbohydrate, ketogenic diet is rapid, the body can temporarily go through a period of adjustment during which it may require extra vitamins and minerals. This is because the body releases excess fluids stored during high- carbohydrate eating. In other words, the body goes through a temporary . This does not, in and of itself, indicate that either type of diet is nutritionally deficient. While many foods rich in carbohydrates are also rich in vitamins and minerals, many low- carbohydrate foods are similarly rich in vitamins and minerals. This argument, by itself, is incomplete. Although many dietary carbohydrates do break down into glucose, most of that glucose does not remain in the bloodstream for long. ![]() List of plants used in herbalism. This is a list of plants used or formerly used as herbal medicine. The ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions, and to defend against attack from predators such as insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals is called herbal medicine. Many of these phytochemicals have beneficial effects on long- term health when consumed by humans, and can be used to effectively treat human diseases. At least 1. 2,0. 00 such compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 1. It is these secondary metabolites and pigments that can have therapeutic actions in humans and which can be refined to produce drugs—examples are inulin from the roots of dahlias, quinine from the cinchona, morphine and codeine from the poppy, and digoxin from the foxglove. ![]() Free 2-day shipping on qualified orders over $35. Buy Nature's Secret 7-Day Ultimate Cleanse 2-Part Total-Body Cleanse Tablets, 72 ct at Walmart.com.![]()
This enables herbal medicines to be as effective as conventional medicines, but also gives them the same potential to cause harmful side effects. In the Latin names for plants created by Linnaeus, the word officinalis indicates that a plant was used in this way. For example, the marsh mallow has the classification Althaea officinalis, as it was traditionally used as an emollient to soothe ulcers. Pharmacognosy is the branch of modern medicine about medicines from plant sources. Plants included here are those that have been or are being used medicinally, in at least one such medicinal tradition. ![]() Click here for herbal remedies for blocked fallopian tubes, including herbal tampons, tubal infertility remedies and the fallopian tube massage technique. The Colon Cleansing Kit Modern medicine now tends to use the active ingredients of plants rather than the whole plants. The phytochemicals may be synthesized, compounded or otherwise transformed to make pharmaceuticals. Examples of such derivatives include Digoxin, from digitalis; capsaicine, from chili; and aspirin, which is chemically related to the salicylic acid found in white willow. The opium poppy continues to be a major industrial source of opiates, including morphine. Few traditional remedies, however, have translated into modern drugs, although there is continuing research into the efficacy and possible adaptation of traditional herbal treatments. Scientific name. Name. Description. Picture. Acacia senegal. Gum arabic. It might be useful for dental plaque and weight loss. The raw plant materials are toxic unless processed. A root poultice can be used on snakebites. It is used to control inflammation, to stop bedwetting and as a mouthwash in cases of bleeding gums. Other modern applications by herbalists include treatments for pimples, bronchitis and gout. Modern usage is primarily as a diuretic. The name itself means . Its many uses have led to neem being called . Uses have included skin ailments, scurvy and gastro- intestinal ailments. Uses have included reducing pain and swelling, lowering triglyceride and cholesterol levels and fighting viruses and harmful bacteria, due to high levels of Vitamin C. The low incidence of heart attack in Thais may be related to capsaicine's fibronolytic action (dissolving blood clots). Contains the amphetamine- like substance cathinone. Cayaponia espelina. S. Its use as a febrifuge was first popularized in the 1. Peruvian. Jesuits. In modern times, herbal teas made from blessed thistle are used for loss of appetite, indigestion and other purposes. Other uses include digestive and kidney related problems. However, the preferred species for use are Cyp. Galantamine (or galanthamine) can be helpful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, though it is not a cure. Uses include stomach ulcers, bronchitis, and sore throat, as well as infections caused by viruses, such as hepatitis. One of those substances displays a specific cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells. Similarly, the fruit juice and oils can be used in the treatment of liver disease, gastrointestinal disorders, chronic wounds or other dermatological disorders. It is currently marketed as an appetite suppressant. More recently, the herb has been used to treat the respiratory tract and a number of other infections. John's wort. Widely used within herbalism for depression. Evaluated for use as an antidepressant, but with ambiguous results. Subsequent studies have been extremely variable, at best. Chaparral has also been shown to have high liver toxicity, and has led to kidney failure, and is not recommended for any use by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or American Cancer Society. It was also used in ancient Egypt in mummifying bodies. There is little scientific evidence that lavender is effective for most mental health uses. The alcoholic extract of the root has antibacterial activity due to the presence of flavonoid and alkaloids. Henna is also thought to show anti- inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects in experimental animals. It is used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and various other memory impairments, in particular those of vascular origin. Linum usitatissimum. Flaxseed. The plant is most commonly used as a laxative. Flaxseed oil is used for different conditions, including arthritis. Preclinical studies have evaluated their various potential applications including antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties. Modern usage is primarily as an antibacterial or antifungal agent. It can also be used for other medicinal purposes. Kratom has been traditionally used in regions such as Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Momordica charantia. Bitter melon. The plant is used as an agent to reduce the blood glucose level. It is undergoing preliminary research to investigate potential properties of its nutrients and phytochemicals. Scientific name. Name. Description. Picture. Nasturtium officinale. Watercress. It may be diuretic and antibacterial. Morphine made from the refined and modified sap is used for pain control in terminally ill patients. Dried sap was used as a traditional medicine until the 1. Unknown MOA. Used in traditional medicine to aid with sleep or depression. Used in traditional shamanistic rites in the amazon, and is a component of Ayahuasca, Caapi or Yaj. It is used as a soporific, as well as for asthma and urinary tract infection. In the traditional Austrian medicine Plantago lanceolata leaves have been used internally (as syrup or tea) or externally (fresh leaves) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, skin, insect bites, and infections. It is traditionally used to treat diarrhea; however, evidence of its effectiveness is very limited. It is also used for respiratory conditions, specifically those with a tickling cough that is worse when exposed to cold air. It mentions also passing pains, excessive itching, and that it helps enlarged lymphs. Used from ancient times for the same uses as aspirin. The bark is also used to combat oedema or swelling. Suggested to be an SSRI or have similar effects, but unknown mechanism of activity. Senna auriculata. Avaram senna. The root is used in decoctions against fevers, diabetes, diseases of urinary system and constipation. The leaves have laxative properties. The dried flowers and flower buds are used as a substitute for tea in case of diabetes patients. The powdered seed is also applied to the eye, in case of chronic purulent conjunctivitis. Sesuvium portulacastrum. Shoreline purslane. The plant extract showed antibacterial and anticandidal activities and moderate antifungal activity. The boiled juice or a tea made from the leaves or the whole plant is taken to relieve fever and other symptoms. It is also used for dysentery, pain, and liver disorders. Modern herbalists prescribe it for iron- deficiency anemia (for its high iron content), as well as for skin diseases, bronchitis, rheumatic pains, arthritis and period pain. The oil is used topically to treat toothache. It serves as an antispasmodic and expectorant in this role. It has also been used in many other medicinal roles in Asian and Ayurvedic medicine, although it has not been shown to be effective in non- respiratory medicinal roles. Research has found no benefit for any human health conditions. More recently, it has been used to treat diabetes, loss of appetite and other conditions. Modern usage has concentrated on urinary tract related problems. These compounds are concentrated in the flowers. The active ingredients are viburnin (a substance or more probably a mixture of compounds) and tannins. Tannins can cause stomach upset. The leaves when infused have antipyretic properties. The fruits have been used as purgatives against constipation. The tincture has been used lately in herbal medicine as a remedy for depression. The plant also contains iridoidglucosides. These small peptides have proven to be useful in drug development due to their size and structure giving rise to high stability. Many cyclotides, found in Viola tricolor are cytotoxic. Food and Drug Administration and can only be prescribed by a physician. Misuse can cause death. This encyclopedia is not a substitute for medical advice nor a complete description of these herbs, their dangers (up to and including death), and their (in)compatibility with alcohol or other drugs. References. 1. 85 (4 Suppl): S4–2. PMID 1. 70. 22. 43. PMID 1. 51. 80. 57. Phytochemicals in Nutrition and Health. ISBN 9. 78. 15. 87. Haubrich (2. 00. 3). Medical meanings: a glossary of word origins. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 9. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 0. Hutchens (1. 97. 3). Indian Herbology of North America. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 0- 8. 77. 73- 6. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 1. Bio. brandeis. edu. Retrieved 2. 01. 3- 1. Traditional Folk Remedies (Century, 1. Modern Drug Discovery. And Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Journal of Antibiotics. PMID 1. 75. 51. 21. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. PMID 1. 75. 39. 28. Ethiopian Medical Journal. PMID 1. 73. 70. 43. The Journal of Nutrition. Suppl): 7. 36. S–7. S. PMID 1. 64. 84. D.; Lawson, L. D.; Block, E.; Chatterjee, L. M.; Kiazand, A.; Balise, R. R.; Kraemer, H. Archives of Internal Medicine. Funny Thought For The Day . Humorous quotes to keep your day light. Funny life quotes to remind you that attitude counts and life needs to be enjoyed. Funny sayings can add wisdom and humor to your daily tasks. ![]() We hope you enjoy our collection and that you have a chuckle as well. Choose a funny thought for the day, change your perspective - and you can change how you feel about your life. They have a great selection! Find one that just suits you. Great idea for gifts as well! Psychology > Quotes > Motivate. Motivational Quotes. This collection of quotes are about pushing through the hard times, to keep you going when the going gets tough. Other Posts you may Like. 100 Best Environmental Slogans, Posters and Quotes; Nutrition Month Slogans; Save Trees Slogans; 27 Great Go Green Slogans and Posters. Funny Thought For The Day. That way when you criticize them, you are a mile away from them and you have their shoes.? They have the same enemy - - the mother. So if you're going to steal your neighbor's newspaper, that's the time to do it. The first is being a bore. You may die of a misprint. The world owes you nothing. 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I believe that living a balanced lifestyle will typically provide the best health results. Unfortunately, this isn’t an easy journey, and we could all use some inspiration to support us along the way. With this in mind, I wanted to share 2. They resonate with me on many levels and help illustrate why I integrate a holistic, overall wellness approach in working with clients. Funny Quotes and Sayings: You cry, I cry, you laugh, I laughyou jump off a cliff I laugh even harder!! Never steal. The government hates competition. All the above mentioned day are celebrated to support, motivate and celebrate the wisdom of senior citizen. Following are the best collection of quotes and slogan for. ![]() I hope you like and enjoy these inspirational quotes as much as I do. Click on each quote picture for a full- size image you may copy and share. Best Six Doctors“The best six doctors anywhere and no one can deny it are sunshine, water, rest, air, exercise and diet.”~Wayne Fields 2) Restore Balance“No matter how much it gets abused, the body can restore balance. The first rule is to stop interfering with nature.”~Deepak Chopra. Your Body Holds Wisdom“Your body holds deep wisdom. Trust in it. Learn from it. Watch your life transform and be healthy.”~Bella Bleue 4) Health is Wealth“The greatest wealth is health.”~Virgil. Little Steps“There is no one giant step that does it. It’s a lot of little steps.”- Unknown. You Are Not Your Illness“You are not your illness. You have an individual story to tell. You have a name, a history, a personality. Staying yourself is part of the battle.”~Julian Seifte 7) Healthy Eating“Those who think they have no time for healthy eating. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.”~Albert Einstein. Health Vs Wellness“Health is a state of body. Wellness is a state of being.”~J. Stanford. 14) Good Health“To keep the body in good health is a duty. Invest in yourself.”~Unknown. Words of Encouragement Quotes. I hope you find great value in these Words of Encouragement - Quotes of Encouragement from my large collection of inspirational quotes. Share the best diet quotes collection with funny, inspirational and motivational quotes by famous authors on dieting, health, eating, losing weight. Resources > Quotes. Sport, Fitness, Nutrition & Health Quotes. Below are the collections of quotes located throughout this site. They say 'health is wealth' and since our real wealth are our friends and family, use these ecards to encourage them to stay healthy in a fun way. Health is a Lifestyle“Being healthy and fit isn’t a fad or a trend, it’s a lifestyle.”~Unknown. Definition of Health“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”~World Health Organization. Best Time of Year“Health is the thing that makes you feel that now is the best time of year.”- Franklin P. Adams. 20) Food as Medicine or Poison “The food you eat can either be the safest & most powerful form of medicine. It’s the most amazing thing you will ever own.”~Unknown. Wellness Journey“Wellness Encompasses a healthy body, a sound mind, and a tranquil spirit. Enjoy the journey as you strive for wellness.”~Laurette Gagnon Beaulieu 2. Release From Fear“All healing is essentially a release from fear.”- Unknown. Getting Through Bad Days “On particularly rough days when I’m sure I can’t possibly endure, I like to remind myself that my track record for getting through bad days so far is 1. Unknown——————————————————About The Author. Maria Martos – Owner & Founder of Sagewood Wellness Center. Maria Martosis the Executive Director and Founder of the Cancer Support and Education Program, and has been owner of Sagewood Wellness Center for 2. As a Certified Neuromuscular Therapist, Maria specializes in the treatment of severe, chronic or minor pain, as well as injury rehabilitation and prevention. She holds a certification in Sports Massage providing her with expertise to evaluate and address athletic injuries and to help professional and recreational athletes improve their athletic performance. Maria is also Board Certified by the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork. Her passion and life’s calling is to help others not just survive, but thrive in the face of challenges. Integrative mind body therapy, massage, neuromuscular therapy, pain relief, quotes, san juan capistrano, sports massage, therapeutic massage, wellness quotes. ![]() ![]() The Online Dolly Parton Newsmagazine. Your premier resource for Dolly Parton news and information. This page contain Norman Lebrecht's CDs of the Week from February 19, 2007 to March 4, 2014. For the latest Lebrecht Weekly, visit here. Comey testified during an annual oversight hearing before the Senate Intelligence Committee that he believed concealing the emails found by his agents on the. ![]() ![]()
![]() Get the latest pet stories, news, tips and advice right here. Autism Risk Linked to High Folate Levels in Pregnancy; Blue Bell's Listeria Scare: How It Grows in Ice Cream; Mother's Diet at Time of Conception May Alter Baby's DNA. The amount of beef you include in your diet depends on the other foods you include. Most people need about 50 grams of protein daily. To lose a pound a day, you have to have as many tools as possible. It's not wise to try to lose a pound a day for more than a week or two because your body can become. Free Weight Loss program. Pound for Pound Diet Low carb plan. You do know you want to lose weight, but probably don’t know exactly. We know the feeling – we have been exactly where you are now. It took us a long time to get.
But, like us, you’ll have to plough through hundreds. If you want to know about the science, you can read about that later. Much better idea isn’t it? But we are very clear about. People who follow this diet lose weight – there is nothing more to say. Please. do continue to email your success stories to us – this is all the evidence we require! This may change in the. There is a possibility that a change in diet may affect any medication. We do not. recommend this diet whilst pregnant or breastfeeding. You will. have no more feelings of guilt about what you eat. You will be able to look forward to a lifetime of health and a positive self image. Obesity is an indicator. By losing weight you will be significantly less. Your body will. burn that for fuel. In the typical Western diet, the majority of our body’s energy. Initially, this will. But, as we keep saying. Cheese, cream, butter, meat.. You will continue to eat healthy protein. You can read more about the. You may find that you are eating less. Gisele Bündchen Says She Makes Her Kids Eat a Mostly Plant-Based Diet Because It's "Good for the Environment".Because your body will be burning your fat for energy. Many scientists say that it works, and others say it can’t work. They. argue over how it's possible that people could lose weight while increasing. It is easy to get embroiled in all the arguments. Don’t talk about it TRY IT! You’ll know for yourself within the first two weeks if it is working. If it works. for you, tell your friends, see if they lose weight. If they do, then is it really. No, they can catch up when they. High carb. foods are addictive, so they have probably embedded themselves firmly on your . Remember, these foods are being avoided because they contain a large amount of carbohydrate. For example. sugar, white flour, pasta and white rice are far removed from what we evolved to. Have you noticed in the news that the rate of obesity is constantly rising. When a product is labelled low fat, they. You will notice that fruit and fruit juice are on the list to avoid. Whilst it is. true that our ancestors would have eaten some fruit, the fruit would have been very. Selective breeding of fruits have made them. This means they are full of. But don’t worry – vegetables are allowed and will supply you with plenty. It makes you feel better, it. You will lose weight whether you choose to. You don’t need to be patronised and scolded to run around and burn off those calories. Maybe refer to this. BMI healthy weight calculator to see what your healthy weight should be. You must stop. eating these foods immediately. Look at the good food list. If you haven't. got these foods, get to the shops and buy eggs, meat, cheese, salad, butter and. You don't want to be short of foods you can eat and be tempted by the. Also have a quick glance at the meal ideas. Understand that you will be aiming to eat no more than 3. Net Carbs. per day. To begin with, sticking to the good food list and avoiding the bad. Drink plenty of water each day. This is normal and will pass. After a week, check your weight. Keep going until you. Tell your friends about Poundfor. Pound. Diet. co. uk! The fact that. you are now overweight shows that your metabolism is inclined to put on fat from. However, once you realise that the sugars and highly refined foods you were eating. It’s just a matter of monitoring your weight each week. We think you will. Most importantly. Refined carbohydrates include sugar, white. Choose instead to eat 1. Use. artificial sweeteners instead of sugar. Introduce high. quality carbs back into your diet and weigh yourself weekly. If your weight is. By eating the unrefined, natural versions, you will. We like the idea that you decide yourself what. We will feel great that you have lost. If you choose to support us – you'll be helping more. After reading about those who said it worked and those who said it. Try it and see if it works. We followed it, and lost weight. Kim. at 5 ft 4 inches went from 9 stone 9 pounds to 8 stone 7 pounds. Our blood pressures are lower than when. As we write this, Kim has just had her. We are continuing. We apologise in advance for this and hope you. Many people want to get in shape and improve their health but have a difficult time maintaining a regimen that works for them. So, the question on all of our minds is, how?! ![]() ![]() ![]() Lessons I learned through trial and error - Unconventional tips that will get you into shape. Emaze is the next generation of online presentation software. Select any of the professionally designed free templates to create amazing presentations. At home workouts aren’t always easy, and in fact you can get a workout at home that is comparable to that of a gym workout. If you want to get in amazing shape, don. Glamour.com has easy, fun workouts from celebrity trainers and fitness experts. Find workouts you can do at home, fat-burning exercises, and fitness tips. Home furnishings, kitchens, appliances, sofas, beds, mattresses. IKEA fuels commitment to renewable energy In addition to owning 2 wind farms in the US, & installing solar panels on 9. US locations, IKEA is expanding its renewable energy portfolio by using fuel cell technology. How To Get In Amazing Shape In 2 WeeksBut if you are underweight or are trying to gain muscle mass.Drinking Tequila Can Help You Lose Weight – Tequila Linked to Lowered Blood Sugar and Weight Loss. While it's widely known that throwing back booze racks up a ton of empty calories, a new study has found a link between tequila and weight loss. This is huge news for agave- spirit lovers—and virtually anyone who plans on drinking over the holidays. According to the American Chemical Society, which researched the effects of tequila on blood glucose levels last year, sugars found in the plant that makes tequila can help lower your blood sugar. The sugars that naturally occurs in the agave plant are called agavins—not to be confused with agave syrup—and are non- digestible, so they won't raise your blood sugar. Cougar Town / ABC / GIPHYAdvertisement - Continue Reading Below. During the study, researchers found that mice who'd been given a standard diet, and then drank water with agavins added, ended up eating less overall and had lower blood sugar levels than the others who hadn't consumed agavins. What's more, the mice consuming agavins also produced a hormone called GLP- 1, which keeps the stomach full longer and produces insulin, leading researchers to believe that agavins could be beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes or struggling with weight- loss issues. We're not saying you should start shaking up party- size batches of sugary margaritas or palomas, but a round of tequila shots might start sounding more and more enticing now that we know this potential weight- loss link. Parks and Recreation / NBC / Giphy. 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![]() Second Slim Down Tips. Sign up for a race. If you find a better reason to work out than pure weight loss, you'll be more likely to maintain an exercise program, says a University of Michigan study. Be realistic. The key to diet longevity is a realistic, flexible eating plan, says Alan Aragon, MS, a nutritionist in Thousand Oaks, California. Most people eat too little and go into defensive mode when cravings strike. Then they cheat, then feel bad, then resist, and then cheat again. It's an endless cycle. If you're craving Haagen- Dazs, grab a spoon. Just dig in moderation.*Excerpted from The Lean Belly Prescription by Travis Stork, MD, and Peter Moore, editor of Men's Health. Order your copy today! Ignite your fat burners. Capsaicin, the compound that gives chile peppers their mouth- searing quality, can also fire up your metabolism, according to a study in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. ![]() Eat about 1 tablespoon of chopped red or green chiles to boost your body's production of heat and the activity of your sympathetic nervous system. The result is a metabolism spike of 2. Eliminate added sugars. According to a USDA survey, the average American eats about 2. The researchers report that 8. What's not on the list? Meat, vegetables, whole fruit, and eggs, along with unsweetened whole- grain and dairy products. ![]() A recent study finds that chewing gum does not lead to weight loss, contradictory to what was previously believed. It actually contributes to weight gain. You’ve finally found the page you’ve been looking for that explains the fundamentals of what you need to know about weight loss for men over 40. Scramble to slim down. Not only are eggs a great muscle- building food, but they can also help you look less egg- shaped. A 2. 01. 0 study in Nutrition Research showed that men who had eggs for breakfast ate less over the next 2. Set good goals. University of Iowa scientists found that people who monitored their diet and exercise goals most frequently were more likely to achieve them than were goal setters who rarely reviewed their objectives. Spice things up. Ground cinnamon has been shown to help prevent insulin resistance, which means it may slow the sugar in frozen yogurt from passing through your stomach too quickly, thus suppressing the blood- sugar spike. Sprinkle some atop your next cone or cup. ![]() Strike out overeating. If you skimp all day before eating out, you'll be so hungry that you end up overdoing it. Instead, eat a healthy snack that contains protein and fiber a few hours before your meal. Fat- free yogurt or a small bowl of whole- grain cereal with low- fat milk are smart choices. Beware of these 6 Ways Restaurants Try To Make You Fat.) 1. ![]() It’s a dream come true: Burn fat while you sleep. That’s the promise of a new weight-loss program designed to unleash a sleep-related hormone that helps burn. ![]() ![]() ![]() Practice mind over munchies. Tempted to dive headfirst into your plate when you feel stressed? Try this: Visualize your negative thoughts riding by on a conveyor belt. Research subjects at Temple University's Center for Obesity Research and Education say this method has helped them avoid emotional eating. MORE: Are You A Stress Eater? Jonestown - Wikipedia. Coordinates: 7. It became internationally notorious when on November 1. Port Kaituma, and in Georgetown, Guyana's capital city. The name of the settlement became synonymous with the incidents at those locations. A total of 9. 09 Americans. The poisonings in Jonestown followed the murder of five others by Temple members at Port Kaituma, including United States Congressman. Leo Ryan, an act that Jones ordered. Four other Temple members committed murder- suicide in Georgetown at Jones' command. While some refer to the events in Jonestown as mass suicide, many others, including Jonestown survivors, regard them as mass murder. In the mid- 1. 97. ![]() Temple moved its headquarters to San Francisco. After the Temple's participation proved instrumental in the mayoral election victory of George Moscone in 1. Moscone appointed Jones as the Chairman of the San Francisco Housing Authority Commission. ![]() Penn State is a major, public, research-I university serving Pennsylvania and the global community. Learn more about our undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degree. Breakfast Research & Statistics On this page, you'll find news items associated with breakfast. Most significant are research studies that point to the importance of. Turmeric may also be one of the most powerful substances when it comes to healthy fat loss. Diet soda for weight gain prevention. While the science behind whether diet soda can help you shed pounds has been debatable, new research from the University of. Governor. Jerry Brown, Lieutenant Governor. Mervyn Dymally, and Assemblyman Willie Brown, among others, attended a large testimonial dinner in honor of Jones in September 1. To do so, he stated that Temple members were . We are here living communally. State Department that socialist Guyana wanted to keep an open door to cooperation with the United States. Jones bragged about other female Temple members he referred to as . In addition to Soviet documentaries, political thrillers such as The Parallax View, The Day of the Jackal, State of Siege, and Z were repeatedly screened and minutely analyzed by Jones. Nothing in the way of film or recorded TV (shown on the commune's closed- circuit system), no matter how innocuous or seemingly politically neutral, could be viewed without a Temple staffer present to 'interpret' the material for the viewers. This invariably meant damning criticisms of perceived capitalist propaganda in Western material, and glowing praise for and highlighting of Marxist–Leninist messages in material from Communist nations. Methods included imprisonment in a 6 . Peoples Temple defector Deborah Layton described the event in an affidavit: Everyone, including the children, was told to line up. As we passed through the line, we were given a small glass of red liquid to drink. We were told that the liquid contained poison and that we would die within 4. We all did as we were told. When the time came when we should have dropped dead, Rev. Jones explained that the poison was not real and that we had just been through a loyalty test. He warned us that the time was not far off when it would become necessary for us to die by our own hands. During the Siege, Jones spoke to Temple members about attacks from outsiders and had them surround Jonestown with guns and machetes. The Temple produced memoranda discussing potential places within the Soviet Union in which they might settle. Together they called themselves the . Secretary of State and the government of Guyana, and travelled to Washington to attempt to begin an investigation. On the day after Reiterman's article was published, Harvey Milk – a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors who was supported by the Temple – wrote a letter to President. Jimmy Carter defending Jones . Garry, filed a suit against Stoen on July 1. In 1. 97. 8, Jones was told that he might have a lung infection. Once informed of this condition, Jones announced to his followers that he in fact had lung cancer, clearly a ploy to foster sympathy and strengthen his support within the community. Jones often mentioned chronic insomnia; he would often say he went for three or four days without any rest. During meetings and public addresses, his once- sharp speaking voice often sounded slurred; words ran together or were tripped over. Jones would occasionally not finish sentences even when reading typed reports over the commune's PA system. His deep- seated persecution complex, paranoia and megalomania grew steadily worse over the months. This slide into madness could be marked by the increased frequency and duration of 'White Night' meetings, ever- longer and ever more incoherent ranting sessions over the PA or to his followers, drastic escalations in the level of repression and punishment meted out to commune wrongdoers, and a growth in complexity of the conspiracy theory Jones fostered about the Temple's opponents in the USA. In the pavilion, Gosney passed a note to Don Harris (mistaking him for Ryan), reading, . Please help us get out of Jonestown. They went to Port Kaituma and stayed at a small caf. Because of the defectors departing Jonestown, the group grew in number and now an additional aircraft was required. Accordingly, the US embassy arranged for a second plane, a six- passenger Cessna. The group had to wait until the aircraft landed at approximately 5: 1. Ryan was killed after being shot more than 2. The damaged Otter and the injured Ryan delegation members were left behind on the airstrip. Before the meeting, aides prepared a large metal tub with grape Flavor Aid, poisoned with Valium, chloral hydrate, cyanide. I didn't plan it but I know it's gonna happen. They're gonna shoot that pilot and down comes the plane into the jungle and we had better not have any of our children left when it's over, because they'll parachute in here on us. Rhodes reported being in close contact with dying children. Lay down your life with dignity; don't lay down with tears and agony. If you knew what was ahead of you – if you knew what was ahead of you, you'd be glad to be stepping over tonight. Brothers Tim and Mike Carter, aged 3. Mike Prokes, 3. 1, were given luggage containing $5. US currency, $1. 30,0. Guyanese currency, and an envelope, which they were told to deliver to Guyana’s Soviet Embassy in Georgetown. Enclosed in this letter are letters which instruct the banks to send the cashiers checks to you. I am doing this on behalf of Peoples Temple because we, as communists, want our money to be of benefit for help to oppressed peoples all over the world, or in any way that your decision- making body sees fit. At this point, Carter had a nervous collapse and break from reality, and was pulled away from the village by his equally distraught brother. Just before the start of the final meeting in the pavilion, Jones' lawyers Charles Garry and Mark Lane were told that the people were angry with them. According to the lawyers, they talked their way past two armed guards and made it to the jungle, before eventually arriving in Port Kaituma. Newton, tricked security guards and ran into the jungle. Mootoo visually examined over 2. Guyanese coroner's jury that he saw needle marks on at least 7. Mootoo and American pathologist Dr. Lynn Crook determined that cyanide was present in some bodies, while analysis of the contents of the vat revealed several tranquilizers as well as potassium cyanide and potassium chloride. Lawrence Schacht, Annie Moore and Carolyn Layton. The above bank accounts are located in the Bank of Nova Scotia in Nassau, Bahamas. Please be sure that these assets do get to the USSR. I especially request that none of these are allowed to get into the hands of my adopted daughter, Suzanne Jones Cartmell. Someone who finds it will believe I am crazy or believe in the barbed wire that does NOT exist in Jonestown. No other specific reference is made to the events of the day. The children loved it. So did everyone else. I hereby leave all assets in any bank account to which I am a signatory to the Communist Party of the U. S. S. R. Guyanese soldiers eventually found them. After escaping Jonestown, Odell Rhodes arrived in Port Kaituma on the night of November 1. Rhodes, Clayton, and the two lawyers (Garry and Lane) were also brought to Georgetown. Prokes committed suicide on March 1. Jonestown incident. In February 1. 97. Americans polled said that they had heard of the tragedy. The group, which included Patricia Ryan, Congressman Ryan's daughter, was involved in various personal, social and legal battles with a range of religious organizations, from The Family International and Scientology to David Koresh's Branch Davidians, where they were found to be influential on law enforcement's concerns for children in the eventual Waco siege. After a slew of legal and fiscal issues, CAN disbanded in 1. The sheer scale of the event, as well as Jones' socialism, purported inconsistencies in the reported number of deaths, allegedly poor explanation of events related to deaths at Jonestown, and existence of classified documents. In 2. 01. 1, a memorial to them was erected at the cemetery. This has led to the phrase . The buildings were mostly destroyed by a fire in the mid- 1. During a visit in 1. ABC news show 2. 0/2. Jim Jones, Jr., the adopted son of the cult leader, discovered the rusting remains of an oil drum near the former entrance to the Pavilion. The former pilot also led the team to the site where the pavilion once was, and they found the remains of a steel drum, an organ, and a bed of daisies growing where the bodies once lay. Retrieved May 1. 4, 2. Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.^. The New York Times, Feb. What were their ages? Department of Religious Studies, San Diego State University.^Rapaport, Richard. Do you believe in magic? November 1. 6, 2. Archived from the original on April 2. Retrieved April 9, 2. Cults and new religious movements: a reader. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University.^Reiterman & Jacobs 1. Wessinger, Catherine (2. How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to Heaven's Gate. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 8. Archived from the original on September 8, 2. Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple. PBS. org.^Layton 1. Reiterman & Jacobs 1. Paranoia And Delusions, Time, December 1. Carter, Tim. Archived from the original on April 2. Retrieved April 9, 2. Reiterman & Jacobs 1. Seconds From Disaster, . Reiterman & Jacobs 1. Reiterman & Jacobs 1. House of Representatives Report on Jonestown—Findings. United States Congress. Archived from the original on September 2. Department of Nutritional Sciences . Major in Nutrition, University of Nebraska- Lincoln M. S. 1. 99. 8 Major in Nutritional Science and Dietetics, University of Nebraska- Lincoln. M. S. 1. 99. 4 Major in Food Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. B. S. 1. 99. 1 Major in Foods and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCEAssociate Professor (July 2. Present),Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut Assistant Professor (July 2. June 2. 01. 0),Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska- Lincoln Postdoctoral Fellow (June 2. June 2. 00. 5),Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine HONORS/AWARDSFellow, American Heart Association, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Council, May 2. American Society for Nutrition, 1st Korean Nutrition Society Award, 2. Recognition of Junior Faculty for Excellence in Research, Agriculture Research Division, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, 2. Luella Selover Memorial Scholarship, 2. Widaman Trust Distinguished Graduate Assistant Award, 2. Undergraduate Scholarship, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, 1. ![]() This article focuses on providing cavalier King Charles spaniels the dietary nutrition they need to best prepare them for fighting the genetic disorders they may be. It is widely accepted that obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, are intimately linked to diet. However, the gut microbiota has also. Tangeretin stimulates glucose uptake via regulation of AMPK signaling pathways in C2C12 myotubes and improves glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. NOTABLE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Grant reviewer, NIH ZRG1 EMNR- V, July 2. Grant reviewer, American Heart Association Lipid Bsc 2, April 2. Grant reviewer, NIH Integrative Nutrition and Metabolic Processes (INMP) Study Section, February 2. Grant reviewer, American Heart Association Lipid Bsc 2, October 2. Grant reviewer, NIH Integrative Nutrition and Metabolic Processes (INMP) Study Section, October 2. Grant reviewer, American Heart Association Lipid Bsc 2, April 2. Grant reviewer, American Heart Association Lipid Bsc 2, October 2. ![]() A recent study reported that among people who carried a single copy of the high-risk allele for the FTO gene, which is associated with fat mass and obesity, the risk. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In obese individuals, adipose tissue releases. ![]() Grant reviewer, American Heart Association Strategically Focused Research Networks (SFRN) grant, May 2. Grant reviewer, American Heart Association Lipid Bsc 2, April 2. Grant reviewer, NIH NCCAM Special Emphasis Panel ZAT1 SM2. March 2. 01. 2. Editorial board member, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, July 2. Editorial board member, Journal of Human Nutrition and Food Science, July 2. Review editor, Journal of Medicinal Food, January 2. Editorial board member, Nutrition Research and Practice, January 2. Editorial board member, Journal of Physiobiochemical Metabolism, May 2. Editorial board member, Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism, July 2. Editorial board member, Korean Journal of Nutrition, May 2. ![]() Editorial board member, Journal of Nutrition and Health, May 2. Editorial board member, Endocrinology & Diabetes Research, May 2. Editorial board member, Food and Nutrition Sciences, August 2. March 2. 01. 4. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPSPremium member, American Heart Association (Since 2. Member, Korean Society for Food Science and Nutrition (Since 2. Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science (Since 2. Regular Member, American Society for Nutrition (Since 2. Early Career Member, American Heart Association, Council of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (2. Associate Member, American Society for Nutritional Science (2. Student Member, American Society for Nutritional Sciences (1. Registered Dietitian, Korean Society for Registered Dietitian (Since 1. RESEARCH INTERESTDysregulation of energy metabolism, chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia are major contributors to the development of obesity- associated disease such as insulin resistance, non- alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. My research focuses on the identification of molecular mediators that are involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling pathways, and on the elucidation of molecular mechanisms by which dietary factors, such as blue- green algae, berries, phospholipids and astaxanthin, play regulatory roles in the integration of lipid metabolism and inflammation. The primary foci of my research program elegantly address a new concept of “immunometabolism” to link inflammatory signaling pathways to energy metabolism using state of the art molecular techniques and cell bioenergetics tools in various cells and animal models. In addition, another research focus lies on the identification of molecular targets that critically impact on the process of liver fibrosis with attempts to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis. In particular, how dietary factors regulate histone deacetylases as an epigenetic mode of action for the regulation of gene transcription in metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic pathways are actively underway in my laboratory. PUBLICATIONSPeer- Reviewed Articles. L. Bioavailability of anthocyanins and colonic polyphenol metabolites following consumption of aronia berry extract. Food Chem 2. 01. 6; (In press). Anti- inflammatory effect of Spirulina platensis in macrophages is beneficial for adipocyte differentiation and maturation by inhibiting Nuclear factor- k. B pathway in 3. T3- L1 adipocytes. J Med Food 2. 01. In press). Epub ahead of print on May 2. S. Vitamin A or E and a catechin synergize as vaccine adjuvant to enhance immune responses in mice through induction of early IL- 1. IL- 1b. Immunology 2. In press). Epub ahead of print on May 2, 2. Selenium reduces enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O1. H7 verotoxin production and globotriaosylceramide receptor expression on host cells. Future Microbiol 2. In press). Epub ahead of print on May 1. B. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, inhibited inflammation and fibrosis in the adipose and the liver of diet- induced obesity and liver fibrosis mice. J Nutr Biochem 2. In press). Epub ahead of print on March 2, 2. Astaxanthin prevents and reverses the activation of mouse primary hepatic stellate cells. J Nutr Biochem 2. Epub ahead of print on Nov 2. Dietary consumption lowers systemic inflammation and liver enzymes in typically low- dairy consumers with clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 2. Epub ahead of print on Nov 2. Eliciting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response via NAD+ repletion prevents fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2. 01. Epub ahead of print on Sept 2. Relationship between oxidative stress and bone mass in obesity and effects of berry supplementation on bone remodeling in obese male mice: an exploratory study. Epub ahead of print on Sept 8, 2. Hypolipidemic effect of a blue- green alga (Nostoc commune) is attributed to its nonlipid fraction by decreasing intestinal cholesterol absorption in C5. BL/6. J mice. J Med Food 2. Epub ahead of print on July 1. Blue- green algae inhibit the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Med Food 2. 01. Epub ahead of print on Nov 1. Green tea lowers hepatic COX- 2 and prostaglandin E2 in rats with dietary fat- induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Med Food 2. 01. Epub ahead of print on Dec 2, 2. Polyphenol- rich blackcurrant extract exerts hypolipidemic and hypoglyceridemic effects in mice fed a diet containing high fat and cholesterol. Br J Nutr 2. 01. 5: 1. Astaxanthin prevents transforming growth factor b. Smad. 3 activation in hepatic stellate cells. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 2. Astaxanthin lowered plasma triglyceride and increased hepatic antioxidant gene expression in diet- induced obesity mice. Br J Nutr 2. 01. 4; 1. Polyphenol- rich blackcurrant extract prevents inflammation in diet- induced obesity mice. J Nutr Biochem 2. Development of cyclobutene- and cyclobutane- functionalized fatty acids with inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberoculosis. Chem. Med. Chem 2. Egg intake during carbohydrate restriction alters peripheral blood mononuclear cell inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in metabolic syndrome. Nutrients 2. 01. 4; 6: 2. Long- term effect of blue- green algae on lipid metabolism in C5. BL/6. J mice. J Nutr Health and Food Sci 2. Berry anthocyanins suppress the expression and secretin of pro- inflammatory mediators in macrophages by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF- k. B independent of NRF2- mediated mechanism. J Nutr Biochem 2. Dietary fructose feeding increases adipose methylglyoxal accumulation in association with low expression and activity of glyoxalase- 2. Nutrients 2. 01. 3; 5: 3. Astaxanthin: structure, metabolism, and health benefits. J Hum Nutr Food Sci 2. Acute glutathione depletion induces hepatic methylglyoxal accumulation by impairing its detoxification to D- lactate. Expt Biol Med 2. 01. Egg consumption during carbohydrate restriction modulates HDL lipid composition and increases the cholesterol- accepting capacity of serum in metabolic syndrome. Lipids 2. 01. 3; 4. Polyphenol- rich chokeberry extract regulates the expression of genes for lipogenesis and cholesterol transport in Caco- 2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2. Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) polyphenol rich extract improves antioxidant function and reduces total plasma cholesterol in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Nutr Res 2. 01. 3; 3. Health Benefits of blue- green algae: Prevention of cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Med Food 2. 01. Edible blue- green algae reduce the production of pro- inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF- k. B pathway in macrophages and splenocytes. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 2. Trust your gut: Galvanizing nutritional interest in intestinal cholesterol metabolism for protection against cardiovascular diseases. Nutrients 2. 01. 3; 5: 2. Dietary regulation of histone acetylase and deacetylase for the prevention of metabolic diseases. Nutrients 2. 01. 2; 4: 1. Grape consumption increases anti- inflammatory markers and upregulates peripheral nitric oxide synthase in the absence of dyslipidemias in men with metabolic syndrome. Nutrients 2. 01. 2; 4: 1. Lipopolysaccharide represses the expression of ATP- binding cassette transporter G1 and scavenger receptor class B, type I in murine macrophages. Inflamm Res 2. 01. Unsaturated fatty acids repress expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 and G1 in RAW 2. J Nutr Biochem 2. ATP binding cassette transporter A- I and HDL metabolism: Effects of fatty acids. J Nutr Biochem 2. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. INTRODUCTIONType 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative impairment in insulin secretion. It is a common disorder with a prevalence that rises markedly with increasing degrees of obesity (figure 1) . The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has risen alarmingly in the past decade . Patients present with a combination of varying degrees of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, and it is likely that both contribute to type 2 diabetes . Furthermore, each of the clinical features can arise through genetic or environmental influences, making it difficult to determine the exact cause in an individual patient. Moreover, hyperglycemia itself can impair pancreatic beta- cell function and exacerbate insulin resistance, leading to a vicious cycle of hyperglycemia causing a worsening metabolic state . This constellation of clinical conditions is referred to as the metabolic syndrome . Hyperinsulinemia occurring in response to insulin resistance may play an important role in the genesis of these abnormalities. Increased free fatty acid levels, inflammatory cytokines from fat, and oxidative factors have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and their cardiovascular complications. As an example, in a prospective study of over 6. British civil servants without diabetes at baseline, 5. In those who developed diabetes compared with those who did not, there was a marked decrease in insulin sensitivity during the five years prior to diagnosis. Beta- cell function (insulin secretion) increased three to four years prior to diagnosis and then decreased until diagnosis. In addition, a seven- year prospective study of 7. Mexican- Americans suggested that decreased insulin secretion and insulin resistance were independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes . Among Pima Indians, in whom the frequency of diabetes is very high, the transition from normal glucose tolerance to impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes is characterized by concomitant decreases in insulin- stimulated glucose disposal and glucose- stimulated insulin secretion . A mouse model with a genetic alteration affecting GLUT- 2 expression produced mice with glucose intolerance; similar changes in GLUT- 2 could be induced in normal mice fed a high- fat diet . |
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June 2017
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